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How To Stop Urine Leakage When Coughing

For many, an unexpected sneeze or cough can lead to an embarrassing moment of urine leakage. This circumstance is linked with incontinence and can be both distressing and inconvenient. As the demand for solutions grows, understanding the causes and preventative methods for urine leakages has never been more relevant. In this article, you will understand how to help prevent urine leakage when coughing, how to identify the cause, and the practical strategies available to manage it, to ensure you feel confident in every situation.

Woman With Doctor Coughing

How to Identify if You're Leaking Urine When Coughing

 

It's not always clear that you're experiencing urine leakage, especially if it's a small amount. If you notice dampness in your underwear straight after coughing or sneezing, it's a sign that you might be dealing with incontinence. If this happens, be sure to follow our top tips on managing incontinence to maintain peace of mind.

Another method is to keep a diary, noting down any incidents when you feel a leak, especially if this happens after coughing, sneezing, or laughing. This can help when discussing the issue with a healthcare professional who can help to determine the severity of the condition.

What Causes a Weak Bladder When Coughing?

 

When you cough, laugh, or sneeze, there's a sudden increase in pressure. This pressure pushes against the bladder, and if your pelvic floor muscles aren't strong enough to withstand this pressure, urine can leak out. This is common in those with a weakened pelvic floor or who have stress urinary incontinence. Coughing, whether it's short-term or chronic, can exacerbate the issue, leading to more frequent and noticeable leaks.

In this article

What is Stress Incontinence?

 

The involuntary release of urine during episodes that increase abdominal pressure, such as coughing, laughing, and sneezing, is a symptom of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). This condition arises due to weaknesses in the pelvic floor or the urethral sphincter, which controls urine flow.

The prevalence of stress incontinence is a widespread concern, especially among women. Studies suggest that approximately 9.6 million women can be affected by bladder problems

In contrast, the prevalence of stress incontinence in men is considerably lower, with one in twenty-five men over 40 will experience some form of urinary incontinence, although 18-25 year old men can be affected too. 

However, incontinence cases can worsen due to prostate problems. It is always important to be aware of the risks of stress urinary incontinence in case situations worsen over time.

It's crucial to clarify that the term "stress" in stress incontinence doesn't refer to emotional or psychological stress. Instead, it relates to the physical "stress" or pressure exerted on the bladder during certain activities. When you cough, sneeze, or engage in strenuous activities, this added pressure can lead to urine leakage, especially if the pelvic floor muscles are weakened.

Woman On Bed Holding Her Stomach

Why Does Coughing Cause Leaks?

 

Activities like coughing, laughing, and sneezing, or even certain physical movements create a surge in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP). This pressure pushes against your core muscles, including the pelvic floor, abdominals, and diaphragm. 

While IAP is a natural mechanism the body uses to stabilise the torso during various activities, sudden spikes in this pressure - such as those caused by sneezing or coughing - can be problematic. Especially for women who are pregnant, in the early postpartum phase, or managing conditions like prolapse, the pelvic floor might not have the necessary strength or reflexive function to handle these pressure spikes effectively. This inability can lead to a feeling of downward pressure on the pelvic floor or even result in urine leakage.

Seven Ways to Prevent Incontinence When Coughing

 

Bladder leaks during coughing can be distressing, but there are several strategies to address this issue:

  1. Kegel Exercises: Regularly practicing Kegel exercises – also known as pelvic floor exercises - can enhance the strength of the pelvic floor muscles. While they can be done independently, some opt for Kegel weights or internal devices. However, it's essential to approach these tools with caution, as improper use can lead to complications.

  2. Controlled Coughing Techniques: Techniques like controlled coughing and airway clearance can help minimise leakage. Adopting an upright posture before coughing or employing “The Knack” technique - tightening and lifting the pelvic floor before a cough - can offer protection.

  3. Lifestyle Adjustments: Changes such as weight loss can alleviate pressure on the pelvic floor. Other changes, like, increasing water intake, reducing caffeine and alcohol intake, and quitting smoking can improve overall bladder health. Excess weight, especially around the abdomen, can put additional pressure on the bladder. Losing weight can alleviate some of this pressure and reduce instances of leakage.

  4. Breathing Techniques: Proper breathing patterns can enhance the function of the inner core muscles, aiding incontinence. These techniques can be very effective for many.

  5. Adjusting Posture: Adopting a tall posture, bending at the hips, or even sitting down before a cough can position the core muscles optimally, reducing the risk of leaks.

  6. Surgery: For those with severe symptoms, surgical options might be considered. These can range from sling procedures to inflatable artificial sphincters. It's vital to consult with a medical professional to determine the best course of action.

  7. Post-Illness Considerations: It's worth noting that after a cold or other respiratory illness- especially if the illness caused frequent coughing - an increase in pelvic floor symptoms is common but temporary, and these symptoms should resolve on their own. Urinary tract infections can also temporarily cause incontinence - as can being very constipated, so the best way to treat this would be to treat those individual conditions first. Chronic constipation and straining can also cause a weakened pelvic floor over time.
Man Coughing Whilst Being Checked By Doctor

Combat Urine Leakages When Coughing Safely

 

In conclusion, while the involuntary leakage of urine when coughing, laughing, or sneezing can be disheartening, there are ways to prevent this that are easy to integrate into your lifestyle. By understanding what is causing urine leaks and seeking appropriate interventions, it is possible to regain confidence and control in no time.

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FAQs 

 

Is it normal to leak urine when coughing?

Leaking urine when coughing is a symptom of a condition called "stress urinary incontinence" (SUI). While it is common, especially among women who have given birth, individuals who have had certain surgeries or those of an older age, it's not considered "normal" as it is a sign of weakened pelvic floor muscles or other underlying issues, and treatment is available. SUI occurs when physical movement or activity –— such as coughing, sneezing, running, or heavy lifting –— puts pressure (or "stress") on the bladder, leading to involuntary urine leakage. 

Can urine leakage be cured?

The treatment and potential cure for urine leakage depend on its cause and severity. Some potential treatments for urinary incontinence include:

  • Pelvic Floor Exercises: Also known as Kegel exercises, these can strengthen the pelvic floor muscles and urinary sphincter.

  • Medications: Certain drugs can help treat urinary incontinence by calming an overactive bladder or increasing the amount of urine your bladder can hold.

  • Medical Devices: For women, devices like urethral inserts or pessaries can help prevent leakage.

  • Interventional Therapies: Procedures such as bulking agent injections can help close the bladder neck and reduce urine leakage.

  • Surgery: In more severe cases, surgical options like sling procedures or bladder neck suspension might be recommended.

  • Lifestyle Changes: Reducing fluid intake at certain times, avoiding bladder irritants like caffeine and alcohol, and maintaining a healthy weight can help manage symptoms.

It is essential to consult with a healthcare professional to determine the best treatment option for individual cases. In some situations, urine leakage can be significantly reduced or cured, while in others, it may be more about managing and reducing the symptoms.

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